100,000 British patients will undergo whole-genome sequencing

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Britain will
100,000 cancer patients and other rare diseases whole genome sequencing.  Photo courtesy: U.S. Department of Energy  
  (Reporter Zhao Lu)  With the rapid development of gene technology, the British Prime Minister on December 10 announced an ambitious plan for the 100,000 people with cancer and rare The English Patient disease whole genome sequencing. Although many countries have claimed is the name of the treatment and care of patients whose citizens decoding DNA (DNA), but this new program is unique because it will decode the entire genome, rather than only a small section.
Prime Minister David Cameron said in a statement that the British government's National Health Service (NHS) has allocated 100 million pounds (about 160 million U.S. dollars) for the project. These funds are part of the next few years, announced last week ? 600 million (U.S. $ 965 million) funding for research. The sequencing project is expected to take 3-5 years.
this program a number of joint planning and sequencing and bioinformatics libraries around the world in Europe. In March, the British official disclosed its 50 million people involved in the biological information database, which includes health information and blood samples. In February, Norway announced plans for the 1000 cancer patient's tumor genome sequenced.
newly announced plan can be said to be more profound.
cancer genetics research in Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital oncologist Leif Ellisen said: "According to the size and scope of whole-genome sequencing, it sounds to me feeling quite unique."
There are some other whole-genome sequencing efforts underway, for example, a project in New York's trying to decode up to 1000 patients with Alzheimer's genome, but they target and the number of medical volunteers involved greater limitations on both.
Ellisen pointed out that the biggest challenge facing the UK research institutions will be to put a lot of DNA data conversion and generate useful information that can help patients.
In this statement, Cameron seemed very optimistic: "By unlocking the energy DNA data, NHS will lead to better test about, better drugs, better global competition particularly care." This comes from 10 Downing Street - Cameron Office - The statement also hinted that 100,000 patients will contribute to the genome of the program will directly benefit from it - this is Ellisen called "an extension."
So far, only a few individuals to benefit from their whole genome sequencing of examples, most of which are involved in some very rare disease. Although on this scale whole genome sequencing "is obviously doing something very right thing", Ellisen said, "but we do not want to promise too much," how fast progress will appear.
whole genome sequencing is a nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism of all the genes were sequenced and the DNA was measured. Currently, whole genome sequencing technologies include second-generation sequencing technology (NGS) and third-generation sequencing technology. The second-generation sequencing technology has been able to quickly and cost-effectively perform whole genome sequencing. The third-generation sequencing technology in April 2011 formally promote its single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing technology is completely different from the second-generation sequencing, its sequence read lengths up to 3000bp (base pairs).
"China Science News" (2nd edition 2012-12-12 International)


　　英国将对10万名癌症及其他罕见疾病患者进行全基因组测序。图片提供：美国能源部
　　本报讯(记者赵路)随着基因技术的突飞猛进，英国首相于12月10日宣布了一项雄心勃勃的计划，为10万名患有癌症和罕见疾病的英国病人进行全基因组测序。尽管许多国家都宣称正在以治疗和护理病人的名义解码其公民的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)，但这项新的计划却是与众不同的，因为它将解码全部基因组，而并非仅是一小部分。
　　首相David Cameron在一份声明中表示，英国政府的国家医疗服务体系(NHS)已经拨款1亿英镑(约合1.6亿美元)用于这项计划。这些经费是上周宣布的未来数年6亿英镑(约合9.65亿美元)研究经费的一部分。这项测序计划预计将花费3到5年的时间。
　　这项计划联合了欧洲以及世界各地的多项测序计划和生物信息库。今年3月，英国官方公开了其涉及50万人的生物信息库，其中包括健康信息以及血液样本。而在2月，挪威宣布计划对1000名癌症患者的肿瘤基因组进行测序。
　　新公布的计划可以说是更为深远的。
　　在美国波士顿市马萨诸塞州总医院进行癌症遗传学研究的肿瘤学家Leif Ellisen指出：“根据这项全基因组测序的规模和范围，在我听起来感觉相当独特。”
　　还有其他一些全基因组测序工作正在进行当中，例如，一个在纽约进行的项目力图解码多达1000位阿尔茨海默氏症患者的基因组，但是它们在医疗目标和涉及的志愿者数量上都局限性较大。
　　Ellisen指出，英国研究机构面临的最大挑战将是如何把大量的DNA数据转化并生成能够帮助患者的有用信息。
　　在这份声明中，Cameron显得很乐观：“通过解锁DNA数据的能量，NHS将引领有关更好的测试、更好的药物，尤其是更好的护理的全球竞赛。”这份来自唐宁街十号――Cameron办公室――的声明还暗示，那10万名将基因组贡献给该计划的病人将直接从中收益――这被Ellisen称为是“一种延伸”。
　　迄今为止，只有少量个体从他们的全基因组测序中获益的实例，其中大部分涉及的是一些非常罕见的疾病。尽管在这种规模上进行全基因组测序“显然是做了一件非常正确的事情”，Ellisen说，“但我们并不想过多承诺”多快将会有进展出现。
　　全基因组测序是对一种生物的基因组中的全部基因进行测序，测定其DNA的碱基序列。目前，全基因组测序技术主要包括第二代测序技术(NGS)和第三代测序技术。第二代测序技术已经能够快速、低成本地进行全基因组测序。第三代测序技术于2011年4月正式推广，其单分子实时(SMRT)测序技术完全不同于第二代测序，它的序列读长高达3000bp(碱基对),D&G t-shirt。
　　《中国科学报》 (2012-12-12第2版国际)