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[讨论]
小斐关于水转移印刷和热升华印刷技术的一点思考
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本帖最后由 斐尔可 于 2012-7-26 11:13 AM 编辑
各位好，在下文中，小斐主要介绍水转移印刷技术，包括其工作也原理和优劣点，同时对水转移印刷和热升华印刷技术的差异进行分析，欢迎共同探讨。
1.水转移印刷（Water Transfer Printing）：
【摘录自百度百科：http://baike.baidu.com/view/748690.htm】
水转印技术是利用水压将带彩色图案的转印纸/塑料膜进行高分子水解的一种印刷。 随着人们对产品包装与装饰的要求的提高，水转印的用途越来越广泛 。其间接印刷的原理及完美的印刷效果解决了许多产品表面装饰的难题，主要用于各类陶瓷，玻璃花纸等的转印。
【摘录自：http://www.watertransferprinting.com/FAQ.html】
What Is Water Transfer Printing?
Water Transfer Printing (also known as water immersion printing, hydrograghic printing, hydro dipping, hydro imaging and
fluid imaging) is a 3D decorating process where elaborate graphics like wood grain, Carbon Fiber, Camouflage, Geometrical
designs, etc... are applied to a product surface.
The Water Transfer Printing process is extensively used to decorate items that range from entire all-terrain vehicles and
car dashboards to small items like bike helmets or other automotive trim. Films can be applied to all types of substrates
including plastic, fiberglass, wood, ceramics, and metal. For the most part, if the item can be dipped in water, the
hydro-graphic process can be used.
The process utilizes a water-soluble film that contains the printed patterns. The film dissolves in the water and leaves
the ink on the surface. In the typical process, the item to be printed is first coated with a primer or an adhesion
promoter. After this dries, a base-coat paint is applied which controls the hue of the pattern. So, for instance, wood
grain prints often utilize a brown base-coat and many camouflage patterns use a neutral base.
After the base-coat is applied, the item is ready for decorating. The film is activated. The item is then dipped into the
water and the ink wraps around it. It is then washed and painted with a clear topcoat.
Is Water Transfer Printing durable?
We like to let our product speak for itself. Some of our largest clientèle are automobile and boat manufacturers who demand
highest standards of quality and durability. Many parts we manufacture spend the majority of their lives in direct
exposure, such as boat instrument panels. The clear coat we use is automotive grade, designed to withstand nature and time.
   
2.热升华印刷（Dye-Sublimation Heat Transfer Printing）：
【摘录自http://www.thetransferpress.co.uk/acatalog/sublimation-printing.html】
Sublimation printing is the application of sublimation inks onto a surface using a heat press to provide the required
combination of heat, time and pressure. This combination causes the inks to be converted from a solid to a gaseous state
enabling them to penetrate the sublimatable surface so that a permanent, full colour image is formed. The colour penetrates
the surface of the item so that the result is colourful, long lasting and resistant to scratching unlike some other
printing methods that merely print onto the surface of the item.
从以上词解中，可以看出，水转移印刷和热升华印刷同属于转移（Transfer）印刷，处理方法是将染料通过一定的方法，从一种载体转移到另一种载体上。
这两种印染方法的最主要区别是：
水转移印刷是通过液体压力将染料转移至待染物体上，而热升华印刷是通过热，气化染料并实现染料的转移。
水转移印刷的最大好处是能够实现2D到3D不规则物体的复杂染色，无需局限于常规的染色平面内。通常情况下，在进行水转移印刷之前，需要在待染物体表面覆盖原一层染色促进基，接着进行水转移印染，印染完成之后再在物体的最外层覆盖一层保护层，相对于热升华印刷技术，染色步骤略复杂，但能够对更为广阔的物体进行染色，不必担心物体的耐热性，不必担心物体表面是否规则。
热升华印刷的最大好处是通过热量，将染料直接由固态升华至气态，进而浸入待染色物体内部，色泽牢度取决于待染色物体的硬度和耐磨度。由于热升华印刷过程中，需要较高的印染温度，因此对于一些不耐热的材料，无法采用此技术。
通过watertransferprinting网站的案例，可以看出，目前的水转移印刷技术已经获得较为广泛的应用，如汽车仪表板，军械，轮船，服装等。其中比较具有代表性的是Multicam图案，已经广泛应用于美军和英军装备：
Multicam® Camouflage system 为美国CP（Crye Precision）公司产品，被美国陆军所采用作为其环境混色系统。该系统能干扰人眼以及近红外线工作机能，使目标者融入周围环境，从形状、色彩和对比度上迷惑识别者，具有广泛的环境适应能力和季节性。近年来，Multicam®凭借其出色的性能和迷人的色彩赢得了广泛的关注和应用，人们可以从阿富汗战场的美军陆战队、海地救援美军身上，以及电影《变形金刚》、《G.I.JOE》中看到他的风采。
Filco Multicam® 迷彩多媒体版键盘采用正版Multicam®涂层，该系列至今已发售约有一年，其良好的色泽牢度和靓丽的迷彩图案，得到了FILCO 键盘以及 Multicam®爱好者的肯定和喜爱。
欢迎大家共同讨论，小斐祝愿各位外设之友快乐常在。
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